A Nine-Month Token Reinforcement Program for the Trainable Retarded. Research and Development Report, Volume VI, Number 1.

Autor/inn/en	Ayllon, Teodoro; Kelly, Kathleen
Institution	Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Center for Applied Behavioral Research.; Atlanta Public Schools, GA.
Titel	A Nine-Month Token Reinforcement Program for the Trainable Retarded. Research and Development Report, Volume VI, Number 1.
Quelle	(1972), (66 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Academic Achievement; Behavior Change; Exceptional Child Research; Mental Retardation; Moderate Mental Retardation; Operant Conditioning; Performance Factors; Positive Reinforcement; Time Factors (Learning) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Schulleistung; Geistige Behinderung; Operante Konditionierung; Leistungsindikator
Abstract	Reported are five studies related to the effects of a token reinforcement system based upon principles of operant conditioning on academic performance of trainable mentally retarded (TMR) children, conducted over a 9-month period in an entire school for TMR students. Study 1 investigated the effects of a school-wide reinforcement program on standardized test performance. Study 2 found that noncontingent delivery of reinforcement (tokens) decreased the rate of correct academic responses (the target behavior) and, in some cases, increased the rate of incorrect responses. Study 3, which manipulated the required behaviors leading to reinforcement, showed a direct relationship between actual work output and stated requirements for earning reinforcement. Experiment 4 found that when available work time was decreased, rate of correct responding increased. The final study involved a short-term (5 week) program using token reinforcement to identify TMR students who could function in an EMR (educable) setting. (KW)
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2004/1/01